Essay --

The International Workers of the World, or the IWW is a leftist federation of unions which made major contributions to the American labor movement in the early twentieth century after its June 1905 founding form the amalgamation of several smaller unions. It has been the subject of historical, inquiries, discussions, and debates; but despite considerable attention, the historical understanding of the unique and radical brand of politics exercised by IWW members, or ‘Wobblies’, remains fluid. Controversies persist from the earliest attempts by scholars to define and understand the IWW agenda and the place it had in the progress of the labor movement. Current historical inquiry fails to examine the early ideological formation of Wobbly thought and how these underpinning influences affected the growth and activities of the union. Modern scholarship relating to the IWW relies overwhelmingly on the aspects of the union as an institution, despite the decentralised nature of th e Wobblies and American labor as a whole, and this stems from the work of earlier historians. While looking more deeply into the aspects of the organisation and what they accomplished, the focus remains upon the institution. The individual members and their sociocultural experiences have been lost and repeatedly overlooked by the emphasis on the structure and effects of the IWW. Scholarship which attempts to analyze and understand the formative days of the IWW and their radical ideology has been largely stymied due to the lack of primary sources available from the Union at its height in the 1917, and before. This dearth of firsthand material was left by the widespread governmental crackdown on ‘subversive’ organisations that came with America's entry into the First... ...hers’ at the beginning of the twentieth century through immigration restrictions the deportation of radicals. Most interestingly, it is argued the government crushed the IWW because of public demand, â€Å"to calm [the public] by fighting crime in whatever form they might imagine it† (192-193.) Similarly, Paul Murphy’s 1979, World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States, examined the repression of free speech and assembly during the war as birthing the judicial enforcement of these rights by their decisions. For example the dissenting opinion of Justice Brandeis in Gilbert v Minnesota over the similarly anti world war Non Partisan Leagues actions had become the majority opinion by Gitlow v New York after repeated abuses, particularly aimed at labor and the IWW convinced the Federal Courts that it was their obligation to protect minority groups. (268.)

Living in Sin Essay

In Adrienne Rich’s poem, â€Å"Living in Sin† a woman is looking back on her relationship. The title tells me, although unconventional, in the 1950’s the couple was living together unmarried. The first line â€Å"She had thought the studio would keep itself,† describes how she expected her relationship to be. The woman clearly had an image, not a realistic one, of the perfect relationship. Many men and women fall into this trap (I certainly did with my own failed marriage). It is clear the woman is not happy and does not want to do the daily up keep of the home. She no longer loves the man and dreams of an escape from the life in which she is in. This poem is free verse with no rhythm or rhyme scheme. Its meter consists of most lines having ten syllables. The poem uses metaphors throughout to describe the relationship. The relationship was described through the words studio, furniture, and grime. The metaphors help in creating the tone for this poem which is one of sadness and despair. Adrienne Rich use of these metaphors and meter is another way to describe the relationship. In line two, â€Å"no dust upon the furniture of love†, truly sells the idea that she believed the relationship would not need any work to keep it happy. There is no dust to clean in the perfect fairy tale relationship. The poem enters the present with line three as the woman begins to describe problems with the noisy pipes and grime on the windows. Again the pipes and windows are metaphors for the condition of the relationship. The poem goes on to describe the inside of a home â€Å"A plate of pears, a piano with a Persian shawl† immediately leads into the image of a perfect home. No different than when anyone enters a home for the first time and the decor gives the impression of perfection. We have all been to people’s homes and the decor always gave an impression of the solidarity within the home. Of course no home is as perfect as the decor leads you to believe, no different here. The first mention of the man enters within the line â€Å"a cat stalking the picturesque amusing mouse had risen at his urging. † That cat rises to perhaps receive some affection from the man, this shows that the man is not ithout love or affection. The next few lines a milkman appears. A personification is used in describing the sound from the stairs â€Å"Writhe†. I’m sure many who have read this poem are thinking the woman is either having an affair or fanaticizing about an affair but I don’t feel that is the case. There is no other reference to suggest this. In fact, at the time the milkman arrives, the man is clearly home, it is 5 A. M. I be lieve the sound of the milkman arriving â€Å"under the milkman’s tramp† woke the woman and reminded her of the day ahead. The words â€Å"writhe and tramp† are descriptions of sounds being made while the milk is being delivered. The man is shown for his true likeness while playing the piano. The picture perfect image of the piano is out of tune, another metaphor reflecting their relationship. He† yawns† (representing boredom) while he plays the few notes clearly shows a man who only puts in minimal effort into the relationship. If the piano represents their relationship then the few notes represents his effort. â€Å"He shrugged at the mirror† tells us he did not care the relationship was out of tune and left. I also was wondering; how many times had he played the out of tune piano before? Had he expected it to be repaired this time around? That idea left me with the impression that the man, who was self-absorbed, was aware the relationship was out of tune but expected the woman to fix it. The man was declaring any problem with the relationship not his fault. The poem does a good job of contrasting the difference of how the man and woman feel about the relationship. â€Å"While she, jeered by the minor demons† the man just shrugs it off. He leaves and she starts working on her daily chores. The sharp contrast of dusty table top in reality and â€Å"no dust upon the furniture of love† in fantasy is clear contrast as well. The woman’s feelings are further supported by â€Å"and let the coffee pot boil over†. Her disdain for maintaining the home can be interpreted with letting the coffee pot boil over. Furthermore the words boil over also represent her feeling regarding the relationship. The spilt coffee also represents a never ending routine where she cleans up one mess and another appears. It is a life she is very unhappy with. The last lines of the poem reflect back to her being in the fantasy again, forgetting the daily routine. She is not nearly in love as before â€Å"not so wholly† as it appears each day takes more and more out of her. Her nights were also not peaceful as she woke dreading the routine of the very next day. Adrienne Rich’s poem shows the misery of a woman through the images created within the writing. The images of fantasy and reality are a sharp contrast. She tries to maintain the fantasy with the decor of the home when in reality she is not happy at all. She realizes that her relationship will not have a fairytale ending. The real sin is not living together unmarried but staying together in a loveless relationship. I can relate to this poem on a personal level. I believed my marriage was forever, certainly a fairytale thought. In reality we were not as happy as the images we created through our home. This poem struck me, as it is probably how my ex-wife felt for years while I ignored the signs. This poem portrays a sad reality in many women’s lives. While the man just expects the problem to fix itself.

Whats the Difference Between Probation and Parole

Probation and parole are privileges—rather than rights—that allow convicted criminals to avoid going to prison or serve only a portion of their sentences. Both are conditional on good behavior, and both have the goal of  rehabilitating offenders in a way that prepares them for life in society, thus reducing the likelihood that they will recommit or commit new crimes.   Key Takeaways: Probation and Parole Probation and parole allow Americans convicted of crimes to avoid serving time in prison.The goal of probation and parole is the rehabilitation of offenders in a way that will reduce the likelihood that they will recommit or commit new crimes.Probation is granted as part of the court’s sentencing process. It affords convicted offenders the opportunity to avoid serving all or part of their sentences in jail.Parole is granted after offenders have been incarcerated for some time, amounting to early release from prison. It is granted or denied by a prison parole board.Both probation and parole are granted conditionally and may be revoked for failure to comply with those conditions.The Fourth Amendment protection from unlawful searches and seizures by law enforcement officers does not extend to persons on probation or parole. However, there are important similarities and differences between these two often-confused features of the United States correctional system. Since the concept of convicted criminal offenders living in the community can be controversial, it is important to understand the functional differences between probation and parole. How Probation Works Probation is granted by the court as part of the convicted offender’s initial sentence. Probation may be granted in lieu of any jail time or after a short period of time in jail. Restrictions on the offender’s activities during his or her period of probation are specified by the judge as part of the  sentencing stage  of the trial. During the probationary period, offenders remain under the supervision of a state-administered probation agency.   Conditions of Probation Depending on the severity and circumstances of their crimes, offenders may be placed under active or inactive supervision during their probationary period. Offenders under active supervision are required to regularly report to their assigned probation agencies in person, by mail, or by telephone. Probationers on inactive status are excluded from regular reporting requirements. While free on probation, offenders—known as â€Å"probationers†Ã¢â‚¬â€ may be required fulfill certain conditions of their supervision, such as payments of fines, fees, or court costs, and participation in rehabilitation programs. Regardless of their supervisor status, all probationers are required to adhere to specific rules of conduct and behavior while in the community. Courts have great latitude in imposing condition of probation, which can vary from person to person and case to case. Typical conditions of probation include: Place of residence (for example, not near schools)Reporting to probation officersSatisfactory performance of court-approved community servicePsychological or substance abuse counselingPayment of finesPayment of restitution to crime victimsRestrictions on the use of drugs and alcoholProhibition of possession of firearms and other weaponsRestrictions on personal acquaintances and relationships In addition, probationers may be required to make periodic reports to the court showing that they had complied with all conditions of their probation during the reporting period. How Parole Works Parole allows convicted offenders to be conditionally released from prison to serve the remaining time of their sentence in the community. The granting of parole may be either discretionary—by the vote of a state-appointed prison parole board, or mandatory—according to provisions established by  federal sentencing guidelines. Unlike probation, parole is not an alternative sentence. Instead, parole is a privilege granted to some prisoners after they have served a percentage of their sentences. Like probationers, parolees are required to comply with terms and conditions while living in the community or face being returned to prison. Conditions of Parole Like probationers, offenders released on parole—called â€Å"parolees†Ã¢â‚¬â€are supervised by state-appointed parole officers and may be placed under either active or inactive supervision. As determined by the parole board, some common conditions of parole include: Reporting to a state-appointed supervisory parole officerMaintaining a job and a place of residenceNot leaving a specified geographic area without permissionAvoiding criminal activity and contact with victimsPassing random drug and alcohol testsAttending drug and alcohol counseling classesAvoiding contact with known criminals Parolees are typically required to meet periodically with an assigned parole officer. In addition, parole officers often make unannounced visits to parolees’ homes in order to determine whether or not they are complying with their conditions of parole. Eligibility for Parole Not all prison inmates are likely to be granted parole. For example, offenders who have been convicted of  violent crimes  like murder, kidnapping, rape, arson, or aggravated drug trafficking are far more rarely granted parole. A common misconception about parole is that it can be granted solely as a result of an inmate’s â€Å"good behavior† while incarcerated. While behavior is certainly a factor, parole boards consider many other factors, such as the inmate’s age, marital and parental status, mental condition, and criminal history. In addition, the parole board will factor in the severity and circumstances of the crime, the length of time served, and the inmate’s willingness to express remorse for committing the crime. Inmates who are unable to show the ability or willingness to establish a permanent residence and get a job after release are seldom granted parole, regardless of other factors.   During the parole hearing, the inmate will be questioned by the board members. In addition, members of the public are typically allowed to speak for or against the granting of parole. Relatives of crime victims, for example, often speak at parole hearings. Most importantly, parole will be granted only if the board is satisfied that the inmate’s release will pose no threat to public safety and that the inmate is willing to comply with his or her conditions of parole and is able to reenter the community. Probation, Parole, and the Fourth  Amendment The  Fourth Amendment  to the United States Constitution protects the people from unlawful searches and seizures by law enforcement officers does not extend to persons on probation or parole. Police can search the residences, vehicles, and property of probationers and parolees at any time without a search warrant. Any weapons, drugs, or other items found that violate the conditions of probation or parole may be seized and used as evidence against the probationer or parolee. Along with having their probation or parole revoked, offenders may face additional criminal charges for possessing illegal drugs, guns, or stolen merchandise. Probation and Parole Statistics Overview At the end of 2016, some 4.5 million people were on probation or parole—twice the number of people incarcerated in federal prisons and local jails, according to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). This means that 1 in 55 U.S. adults (nearly 2% of all adults) were on probation or parole in 2016, a population increase of 239% since 1980. While the purpose of probation and parole is to prevent offenders from returning to jail, BJS has reported that roughly 2.3 million people on probation or parole annually fail to successfully complete their supervision. Failure to complete supervision typically results from the commission of new crimes, rules violations, and â€Å"absconding,† leaving hurriedly and secretly, typically to avoid detection of or arrest for a crime. Each year almost 350,000 of those individuals return to jail or prison, often because of rule violations rather than new crimes. Sources Kaeble, Danielle Bonczar, Thomas P.,  Ã¢â‚¬Å",†Probation And Parole In The United States, 2015  Bureau of Justice Statistics, December 21, 2016Abidinsky, Howard.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Probation and Parole: Theory and Practice.†Ã‚  Englewood Cliffs, N.J.  Prentice Hall, 1991.Boland, Barbara; Mahanna, Paul; and Stones, Ronald.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Prosecution of Felony Arrests,†Ã‚  1988. Washington, D.C. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1992.Bureau of Justice Statistics.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Probation and Parole Population Reaches Almost 3.8 Million.†Ã‚  Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1996.

8th Grade Science Quiz - Review Middle School Science

Hate Propaganda And The Criminal Code Of Canada - 1589 Words

Hate Propaganda law, is in Sections 318, 319, and 320 of the Criminal Code of Canada, and it states that Hate propaganda means any writing, sign or visible representation that advocates or promotes genocide or the communication of which by any person would constitute an offence under section 319. and â€Å"Every one who advocates or promotes genocide is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years.† Under s. 319(1) of the Criminal Code, â€Å"anyone who communicates statements in a public place and thereby incites hatred against an identifiable group where such incitement leads to a breach of the peace is guilty of an indictable offence punishable by two years imprisonment or a summary conviction offence.† Section 319(2) makes it a crime to â€Å"communicate, except in private conversation, statements that wilfully promote hatred against an identifiable.† No â€Å"prosecution† under s. 319(2) can â€Å"b e instituted without the consent of the provincial Attorney General† and if charged under s. 319(2) of the Criminal Code, â€Å"the person has available four special defences set out in s. 319(3)†. These defences are: 1) â€Å"that the communicated statements are true†; 2) â€Å"that an opinion or argument on a religious subject was expressed in good faith†; 3) â€Å"that the statements were relevant to a subject of public interest and were on reasonable grounds believed to be true†; and 4) â€Å"that in good faith the statements were meant to point out for removalShow MoreRelatedThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms2016 Words   |  9 Pagesmainly upon two sections of the Charter, and one section of the Criminal Code of Canada. These two sections in the Charter included section 1 (reasonable limits), and section 2(b) (freedom of expression). Section 319(2) of the Criminal Code was challenged against these two sections of the Charter to d eem if it was constitutional.4 Keegstra argued it was not as it interfered with his freedom of expression, however, the Supreme Court of Canada, eventually, ruled against this.5 In the case of R. v. KeegstraRead MoreFreedom Of Expression Under Charter Framework1643 Words   |  7 Pagesunder a great amount of scrutiny by the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission. The Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission found that Whatcott violated section 14 of the human rights code which states no one shall publish or distribute material that promotes hatred of any group of people. Whatcott’s activities were ruled as hate speech against homosexuals and was ordered to pay compensation to his complainants. After this case was appealed several times it was eventually heard by the Supreme Court. TheRead MoreFreedom Is A Fundamental Right Of Individual Autonomy2224 Words   |  9 Pagesof information is evidence of a healthy democracy. Therefore, freedom is a fundamental right of individual aut onomy. However, it is very important to show contrast that there is a vast difference between the allowance of freedom of expression in in Canada, compared to free speech in the United States, where all forms freedom of speech is protected under the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. (Tarnopolsky 1983) However, under the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms under Section 2b, itRead MoreMark Steyn s Views On The Pursuit Of Truth1590 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles regarding the prominence of Islam in the West – rather than leaving it as a one-sided argument. It is very easy for those opposing Islam, or for argument sake, anything that contrasts the Western majority’s views or background, to disguise their hate speech under the guise of free speech, and one can see that is the case for Mark Steyn’s arguments. Not only is Mr. Steyn using selective quotations and certain ‘facts’ as a means of defending his position on the suggested Islamic ta keover of the WestRead MoreProtecting The Rights Of Minority Groups1538 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, being a liberal society also means that there ought to be a responsibility to protect vulnerable minorities from being harmed by hate speech. As a result of competing rights, the state often faces the difficult task of determining when one right trumps the other. In this essay, I will discuss and defend the reasons why we must restrict certain types of hate speech – the kind that assaults our dignity, and is harmful. Moreover, I will discuss and defend why we must protect the rights of minorityRead MoreR. V. Keegstra : in Support of the Dissent Essay2797 Words   |  12 Pagesdoes freedom of expression really mean? Why is it important to our democratic society? In the landmark case of R. v. Keegstra (1990), the issues of freedom of expression and hate speech is brought in front of the Supreme Court of Canada. The case also deals with issues of whether sections 319(2) and 31 9(3)(a) of the Criminal Code violated section 2(b) and section 11(d) of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The courts view that the objectives of having freedom of speech are correlated with democracyRead MoreThe Queer Community Is Made Up Of An Very Diverse Array Of People2132 Words   |  9 PagesWinterdyk (2010) define diversity as â€Å"the degree of socially meaningful differences among and between individuals, groups, communities, culture, and societies. As an empirical measure, diversity is neither a positive or negative attribute† (p. 5). Canada is made up of a variety of minorities, but since the queer community is a â€Å"non-visible† minorities, there is very little research on the number of individuals who identify with this community, the demographic distribution, the degree of discriminationRead MoreDeconstruction Of Online Realities : Why They Censored And Western Philosophy Of Ethics1330 Words   |  6 Pagesof science and the arts. Where people w ho are free and no pre judgement. In Canada implementation of the Freedom of Speech is usually associated with the lack of censorship. According to Dominique Clement, a Canadian professor in Alberta, â€Å"(censorship) Limits on speech were incorporated in the criminal code in relation to treason, sedition, blasphemous and defamatory libel, disruption of religious worship, hate propaganda, spreading false news, public mischief, obscenity, indecency and other forms†Read MoreCanadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms3207 Words   |  13 PagesIn 1985, Canada implemented the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Under Section 15 of the Charter, all Canadians regardless of their (1)â€Å"race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability† were officially given the right to be protected by the law, and benefit from the law without discrimination. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms (2)â€Å"reflect the fondest dreams, the highest hopes and the finest aspirations of Canadian Society† and although â€Å"SexualRead MoreThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Essay2466 Words   |  10 PagesThe Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was signed into law by Queen Elizabeth II April 17, 1982. Often referred to as the Charter, it affirms the rights and freedoms of Canadians in the Constitution of Canada. The Charter encompasses fundamental freedoms, democratic rights, mobility rights, legal rights, language rights and equality rights. The primary function of the Charter is to act as a regulatory check between Federal, Provincial and Territorial governments and the Canadian people. Being

Preventing Childhood Obesity in America Free Essays

string(25) " adults at age 25 years\." Preventing Childhood Obesity in America: Everyone Plays a Role Childhood obesity in America is a growing epidemic. Most would claim they know it is a problem in our country, yet every year there is an increase in the amount of obese children in the United States. The medical, physical, and psychological effects associated with obesity are astounding; nevertheless, processed, high calorie, low nutrient food is widely available and consumed on a regular basis by children. We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Childhood Obesity in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents, childcare providers, schools, and the community all need to aid in the cure and prevention of childhood obesity by providing healthy, nutritious food for children and encouraging daily exercise. Childhood obesity rates have risen at alarming rates over the past three decades. Since the 1970s, childhood obesity has more than doubled in America. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ([CDC], 2010), obesity increased from 5 to 10. 4% between 1976 and 2008 among pre-school children 2-5 years of age. The number of obese children aged 6-11 increased from 6. 5 to 19. 6% during those years.The estimation for 2010 is that one in every five children in the United States of America is already, or will be, overweight. The result of this has come to the fact that childhood obesity is now the most common prevalent nutritional disorder of children living in the United States. It is one of the most common disorders seen by pediatricians in this country as well (Obesity Society, 2010). The issue of childhood obesity is complex and not easily remedied. The â€Å"toxic environment† we live in right now has contributed to one-fifth of our children having a weight problem (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008, p. 718).Cheap, tasty, nutrient-lacking foods are never far from reach. Junk food, processed edible items, and calorie dense morsels are sold in every supermarket, convenience store, vending machine, and public place available, including schools. It wasn’t until recently that schools became suppliers of nutrient-poor, calorie dense food to children. Milk and water from the fountain were the only available beverages in schools for decades. In 1970, only 15% of children ages 6-11 drank soda compared to 61% who drank milk. In 2002, the numbers took a turn with 33% of children being soda drinkers and 33% drinking milk.How did this statistic change? Schools started trying to fill the gap between their needs and their budget. Soda was cheaper than milk, so it became a substitution. Meanwhile, vending machines came into the picture (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008). Kids could choose to eat a sandwich and carrots that were packed for them from home, or they could just buy a bag of chips and a soda out of the vending machine. Obviously, to kids, the sugar and chips would be more appealing than the healthy alternative. Life styles have also changed drastically for children over the past thirty years.With the increased number of broken homes and women in the work force, fast food is an easy dinner fix. Most single working parents, and even many married working parents, would say it is much easier, and generally less expensive, to grab a burger and fries for their kids through a drive through window than it is to cook a nutritious dinner at home. In addition to the buildup of consuming more and more calories on a daily basis due to life style changes, schools have eliminated physical education programs and recess, and now TV and video games baby-sit children (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008).With the excess of caloric intake in all these unwholesome foods, and the decrease of exercise and movement in children, it’s no wonder there is a childhood obesity crisis. So, how can a child be determined as obese? A child’s Body Mass Index (BMI) identifies it. BMI measures weight in relation to height. It is used to determine one’s weight status. BMI is the most widely accepted method used to screen for overweight and obese children because it is the easiest way to obtain the height and weight measurements needed to calculate BMI, the measurements are non-invasive for the child, and BMI correlates with body fatness.But, keep in mind; while BMI is an accepted screening tool for the initial assessment of body fat in children and adolescents, it cannot be used to diagnose anything because BMI is not a direct measure of body fat (CDC, 2010). Multiplying their weight in pounds by 703 and then dividing that number by their height in inches determine a child’s BMI. This number is then compared to the CDC growth chart that compares other children of the same age and sex. Children who have a BMI at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex are considered obese. Disturbingly, twenty percent of all children in America are in this percentile (Obesity Society, 2010). The Obesity Society (2010) points out that the numerous negative short term and long-term effects associated with childhood obesity are overwhelming. These include both psychological and physical health effects due to a child being overweight. Potential negative psychological effects obesity may have on a child include depression, poor body image, low self-esteem, and risk for possible eating disorders later in life such as anorexia, bulimia, or compulsive binge eating.Obese children can also be the target of bullying, teasing, social exclusion, and other negative weight-related issues (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008). Negative health consequences for an obese child can include insulin resistance, type II diabetes, hypertension, high LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, low HDL cholesterol levels in the blood, sleep apnea, early puberty, orthopedic problems such as Bl ount’s disease and slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty infiltration and inflammation of the liver).Furthermore, obese children are more likely to be obese as adults; hence they are at increased risk for a number of diseases including stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers (Obesity Society, 2010). One study found that approximately 80% of children who were overweight at ages 10–15 years were obese adults at age 25 years. You read "Preventing Childhood Obesity in America" in category "Papers" Another study found that 25% of obese adults were overweight as children. If a child is overweight before they are 8 years old, obesity in adulthood is likely to be more severe (CDC, 2010). There are many contributors to childhood obesity.The CDC (2010) states that childhood obesity is the result of an imbalance between the calories a child eats and drinks and the calories a child uses to support normal growth and development, metabolism, and physical activity. In other words, a child becomes obese when he consumes more calories than he uses. The Obesity Society (2010) lists some of these contributing factors as food choices, lack of physical activity, parental obesity, eating patterns, parenting style, and parental feeding and physical activity habits. A parent can choose a child’s food, which can contribute to their child becoming overweight.These choices, which contribute to obesity, include diets higher in calories (including fats and simple sugars), and lower in fruits and vegetables. A child who has obese parents is more likely to be overweight (Obesity Society, 2010). Some of this is inherited and linked to gene mutation; but even children with a genetic risk for becoming overweight will still only become overweight if they eat more calories than they burn. Parents who are overweight may also reflect a household who excessively eats and doesn’t get enough physical activity (Obesity Society, 2010). Children look at their parents as role models.If a parent is displaying unhealthy behavior, it can make a child think that kind of lifestyle is accepted and reasonable. Due to this startling data associated with obese children in the United States, many things need to change. Parents and caregivers should choose what their children eat, (what foods and drinks are in the home, what foods and drinks are served at meals and snacks, what restaurants they go to, etc. ); on the other hand, as opposed to food choices, parents should allow their kids to choose whether they eat at all and how much to eat (Obesity Society, 2010).Parents should not force a child to eat when they aren’t hungry, nor encourage a child to finish their plate so they can have dessert. This encourages overeating. This will in turn cause a child will think they always need to finish everything that is on their plate, even if that plate contains double their suggested daily caloric intake. The Obesity Society (2010) also states that fruits and vegetables, as compared to high calorie snack foods (often high fat and high sugar), should be readily available in the home; parents an d childcare providers should serve and eat a variety of foods from each food group. Small portion sizes should be encouraged, and that if the children are still hungry then more food can always be added when they are done. Meat should be baked, broiled, roasted or grilled instead of breaded and fried; meat substitutes should be incorporated into meals because they contain less calories and fat than meat. Pollan (2009) claims that children should be fed food. They should not be fed high fructose corn syrup, because it is sugar. They should be fed foods that will eventually rot, not over-processed foods that have a decade-long shelf life.They should not be fed preservatives that they can’t pronounce, such as ethoxylated diglycerides and ammonium sulfate. Foods that are highly processed are robbed of most of their nutrients, which extends their shelf life. Processing takes out many healthy nutrients, for instance omega-3 fatty acids (which are crucial for a child’s brain development), because they will turn rancid. In turn, children are eating a lot of calories, and missing out on key nutrients that help them grow and learn. There should be a limited use of high calorie, high fat, and high sugar sauces and spreads.Low-fat or nonfat dairy or soy products should be used for milk, yogurt, and ice cream. Sodas and sugary beverages should be completely eliminated from all children’s diets and replaced with water, 100% fruit juice, or low fat, nonfat, soy, or another type of milk. If fruit juice is provided, it should be limited to two servings or less a day. Some parents allow their children unlimited intake of fruit juice because it provides vitamins and minerals (Obesity Society, 2010). However, children who drink too much fruit juice may be consuming excess calories and sugar.Children may not compensate at meals for the calories they have consumed in sugar-sweetened drinks. Also, liquid forms of energy may be less satisfying than solid foods, which could lead to children drinking more calories than what they would eat (CDC, 2010). Participating in physical activity is important for children because it may have beneficial effects not only on body weight, but also on blood pressure and bone strength. Physically active children are also more likely to remain physically active throughout adolescence and possibly into adulthood.Unfortunately, children may be spending less time doing any physical activity during school than they used to. Daily participation in school physical education among adolescents dropped 14 percentage points over the last 13 years — from 42% in 1991 to 28% in 2003. In addition, less than one-third of high school students meet current recommended levels of physical activity (CDC, 2010). The Obesity Society (2010) informs us that parents need to support participation in play, sports and other physical activity at school, church or community leagues.Families should be active together by going on bike rides, swimming, or taking a walk together after dinner. The Obesity Society (2010) encourages TV time to be limited with children, and they should avoid eating while watching it. Eating while watching TV can contribute to eating too much and too fast. The foods and drinks that are advertised on TV also influence children. One study found that and average of over 3 hours per day among children were spent watching TV, movies, videos, and DVDs. Also, several studies have found a positive association between the time spent viewing television and increased prevalence of obesity in children. This is because media use, especially watching TV in a sedentary position for hours at a time, may take away from time children could spend in physical activities, contribute to increased calorie consumption through snacking and eating meals in front of the TV, influence children to make unhealthy food choices through exposure to food advertisements such as candy and fast food, and lower children’s metabolic rate (CDC, 2010).Free play in young children should be encouraged, and environments that allow children to play indoors and outdoors should be provided. Parents and child-care providers should be role model through actions, healthy dietary practices, nutritional snacks, and lifestyle activities. Badgering children, restrictive feeding, labeling foods as â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad,† and using food as a reward is compl etely unnecessary and can result in harmful behaviors later in life (Obesity Society, 2010).All of these ways of trying to solve the childhood obesity crisis need to be enforced not only by parents, but also childcare providers, schools, and the community. In the home, parent-child relationships and the home environment can affect the behaviors of children. Kids will most likely develop habits that are similar to their parents’. Another point to consider: on average, 80% of children aged 5 years and younger who have working mothers are in childcare for at least 40 hours a week.These providers share responsibility with parents for children during important developmental years. Childcare can be a setting in which healthy eating and physical activity habits are learned and developed (CDC, 2010). Schools have a major role in this issue. The majority of young people aged 5–17 years are enrolled in school. Schools provide the perfect setting to teach children healthy eating habits and physical activity behaviors because of the amount of time children spend there (CDC, 2010). Many schools in the past few decades had cut physical education out of the curriculum and cut recess back to make more time for academic studies. This results in a sedentary day for most students. (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008). Some schools across the country are slowly starting to implement better nutrition and increased physical activity for their students by increasing healthy foods offered, increasing physical education programs, decreasing vending machine advertising to children, and enforcing other general policies (CDC, 2010).In 2005, 37 states considered policy to increase nutrition standards for schools, 19 states considered increasing nutrition education in schools, and 38 states considered increasing physical education programs at schools. Although it was honorable that all of these states considered these policies, only a little less than half actually enacted them (National Conference of State Legislators, 2010). All schools should be required to provide daily physical a ctivity and nutritional lunches to all of their students. Ways that teachers can involve students in making healthier food choices would be to incorporate it into their curriculum. There are many activities teachers can do to build awareness of health and nutrition to their students. For example, with school age children (ages 6-12) they can teach about the food pyramid and which foods fit into which food group. They can then have hands-on activities planned to incorporate this new information. After teaching about the food pyramid, teachers can have some menus from some popular restaurants.The teacher can read some options from these menus and ask the students whether or not the options sound healthy. After learning about the food pyramid and discussing some healthy and non-healthy options for eating out, the students can be divided up into groups. The teacher can talk about a few healthy options that could be on a restaurant menu, and then the students can design their own menu with a few healthy meals with foods from each food group listed on them. The students will need paper and either crayons, markers, or colored pencils for the project.Then the students can present to the class what they have designed as their menu, and talk about why their choices are healthy. It is important for the teacher to evaluate the curriculum in order to get feedback about if the instruction was effective and to see if the children understand the information (Maroz, 2009). To evaluate this curriculum, the teacher would observe the children making their menus and presenting them to the class. By seeing the students listing foods from each food group on their menu, she will know the children understand about healthy and non-healthy foods.The community is an important enforcer of nutrition as well. If a community doesn’t have sidewalks, bike paths, or parks, and can’t provide affordable healthy food for it’s citizens, how can a child be expected to eat healthy and get physical activity (CDC, 2010)? Communities should not allow advertising of food to children. Popular cartoon characters are often associated with fast food restaurants in their children’s meals (Friedman and Schwartz, 2008). Communities should not allow this to happen at these restaurants. It is promoting children to want to eat unhealthy food.In conclusion, the past three decades have changed the way our children eat and play. A meal made at home consisting of a lean protein, vegetable, starch, and glass of milk has been replaced with a triple bacon cheeseburger, super sized sides of fries, and forty ounces of carbonated refined sugar. Going out and playing a game of basketball in the driveway for fun has been replaced with watching a game on high definition TV or playing a video game . This epidemic has been discovered, and many are completely aware of it and it’s consequences. But it will still take a lot of time to break the habits that have been formed over years.It is up to all of us, including parents, childcare providers, schools, and communities, to break the cycle of childhood obesity. We can start with our own children by teaching them healthy living. Eventually, future generations will be able to embrace a life of healthfulness and vitality because of how we behave as role models for our children today.References Childhood Obesity – 2005 Update and Overview of Policy Options. (2010). National Conference of State Legislators. Retrieved November 18, 2010, from http://www. ncsl. org/default. aspx? tabid=14396 Childhood overweight. 2010). The Obesity Society. Retrieved November 18, 2010, from http://www. obesity. org/information/childhood_overweight. asp Friedman, R. K. , Schwartz, M. B. (2008). Public Policy to Prevent Childhood Obesity, and the Role of Pediatric Endocrinologists. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology Metabolism, 21(8), 717-725. November 18, 2010, from http://www. yaleruddcenter. org/resources/upload/docs/what/policy/Friedman-PreventChildhoodObesity. pdf Healthy Weight: Tips for Parents | DNPAO | CDC. (2009, May 19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. November 18, How to cite Preventing Childhood Obesity in America, Papers

My Attempt to Define Poetry Essay Example For Students

My Attempt to Define Poetry Essay It is difficult to have a single definition of poetry that fits all its varying structures, styles, and subject material. A typical dictionary might define poetry as literary composition written in verse with meaning. This simple definition only characterizes poetry on the surface, but there is so much more to poetry than just words. One can never define poetry, however one can make an attempt to describe its properties, function, and characteristics as clearly as possible. Poetry is an ancient mode of expression. Even before the development of writing, primitive societies achieved poetic interpretations of their religious, historical, and cultural awareness and handed them down to the next generation in hymns, incantations, and narrative poems. Among the many different forms of human expression, poetry has always had a distinctive place. It has always stood apart from all other forms of literature. It is the basis of every branch of literary and artistic expression. That is why we say that novels, paintings, musical compositions and films are poetic. Some modern poets claim that poetry is a way to access the individual and collective unconscious experience of life. A poem may serve a purpose, such as sharing an emotion, teaching a lesson, commenting on society, describing a mood, or conveying any other theme the author wishes. Several authors have written poems giving their own definitions of poetry to expand on that of the dictionary. Poets use language to express and communicate an idea: to make it tangible in a form that can be shared. In The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, Randall Jarrell illustrates a very grim idea with the last line, When I died they washed me out of the turret with a hose. 720. This line expresses the idea of a very apathetic end to a wasted life. If one is dealing with similar ideas and perspectives, conventional forms of language may not be sufficient to express these new ideas as emphatically. That is why poetry has evolved and taken so many different linguistic forms over the centuries. Poetry may be distinguished from prose literature in terms of form by its smaller size, by its frequent use of meter and rhyme, by its dependence on the line as a formal unit, by its heightened vocabulary, and by its freedom of syntax. There is also somewhat of a freedom of word order to present a visual image as poets such as e.e.cummings frequently do. There is also a radical distinction between the emotion felt from reading a story and the emotions stimulated by poetry; the former is derived from incident, the latter from the representation of feeling. In poetry, the source of the emotion is the exhibition of human sensibility; in prose, the source is merely a series of outward circumstances. The combination of these two is what renders an author like Shakespeare so generally engaging, each reader finding in him what is suitable to their own taste. To the many he is great as a storyteller  and to many others he is a master poet. The object of poetry is to act upon the emotions. The characteristic emotional content of poetry finds expression through a variety of techniques, from direct description to highly personalized symbolism. One of the oldest and most common of these techniques is the use of metaphor and simile to alter and expand the readers imagination through implied or clear comparison. Rainer Maria Rilke presents a good example in lines six and seven of The Panther. ?the movement of his powerful soft strides / is like a ritual dance?767 Thus, by conjuring up pictures or images and by invoking different kinds of associations, the poet elicits his own feeling and consciousness in others. Another thing that differentiates the poet from other writers is not only the focus on mode but on language itself. Thus, poetry can also be described as the art of language. .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .postImageUrl , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:hover , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:visited , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:active { border:0!important; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:active , .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485 .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2524478a28b668da45af875592747485:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hamlet Faking Madness EssayOne significant way that authors exhibit this art is through the use of imagery, which is basically language that triggers your mind to recall and combine images. It compels the reader to fuse together old and new memories or mental pictures of sights, sounds, tastes, smells, and sensations of touch. Imagery draws the reader into poetic experiences by touching on images the reader already knows. In the poem The Fish, Elizabeth Bishop writes, ?his brown skin hung in strips? 682 in line ten and,?until everything was rainbow, rainbow, rainbow! 684 in line 75. By using such vivid imagery, Bishop tries to draw the reader into imagining and becoming a part of the experience that is being described. In conclusion, it is my firm belief that while the meaning or definition of poetry can be discussed, debated, and analyzed, it cannot be understood in concrete terms. As individuals, we all try to find echoes and correspondences in the world beyond ourselves, seeking a sign, a direction, a purpose; poetry is a sharing, a way of helping ourselves and each other cope with an often bewildering existence. In its shared traditions we find that we are not alone in our quest to find meaning in our lives. In a world full of unknowns and secrets, poetry becomes a means of survival, a way of coping. Through poetry, one learns to deal with change, to come to terms with joy and grief, and to celebrate the wonder still to be found in the extraordinary energy of daily life. Because of this aspect alone, poetry cannot be limited by definitions. It cannot be communicated or fathomed other than by the use of poetry itself.